Machine Gears St. Louis
How A Gear Works
Mechanical drawing of basic gear Imagine two disks are placed side by side, tangent to each other (both touching), if one disk was rotated, due to friction (caused by surface roughness) the other disk would also rotate (in the opposite direction); however, slippage would be introduced due to variation in the surface roughness. Now if we were to increase that surface roughness by cutting the disks and forming teeth on the circumference (circular outer part) then slippage would be eliminated. As a result, we would have one of the most important fundamental mechanical devices, which can manipulate speed, torque and rotational axis. Almost all machines that involve rotation have gears. Gears are found in everything from cars to clocks.
Why We Need Gears?
Gears integrated to create movementGears have neat characteristics which aid in the development of complex machineries:
Gears can reverse the direction of rotation
It can change the speed or torque (turning force) of rotation
It can transfer rotation to a different axis or translate rotational into linear motion or vice versa
Spur Gears
Spur Gear Defined: a gear having straight teeth cut on the rim, parallel to the axis of rotation
» Most common & cost-effective type of gear
» Designed to transmit motion & power between parallel shafts, which rotates in the opposite direction
» Plastic, brass, steel, & aluminum are the materials generally used for manufacturing
» Electric screwdrivers, oscillating sprinklers, windup alarm clocks, washing machines, clothe dryers & conveyors are just a few everyday machines where spur gears are used
» Spur gears are also used in construction equipments, machine tools, marine hoists, turbine drives, multi-spindle drives, indexing equipments & roller feeds
Note: in order for spur gears to work together (mesh) they must have the same diametral pitch (pitch) & pressure angle (PA)
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Internal Spur Gears
Internal Spur Gears Defined: a gear having straight teeth cut on the inner rim, parallel to the axis of rotation
» Spur gear turned “inside out”, teeth are cut into the inside diameter
» Cost-effective & durable
» Designed to transmit motion & power between parallel shafts, which rotates in the same direction
» Ideal for light-duty applications
» Plastic, brass, steel, & aluminum are the materials generally used for manufacturing
» Electric screwdrivers, oscillating sprinklers, windup alarm clocks & pumps are just a few everyday machines where internal gears are used
» Internal gears are also used in positioning equipments, roller tools, indexing equipments & timing systems
Note: in order for internal & spur gears to work together (mesh) they must have the same diametral pitch (pitch) & pressure angle (PA)
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Helical Gears
Helical Gears Defined: a bar or rectangular gear (flat, no curvature) having straight teeth cut on the face, perpendicular to the axis of motion
Helical gears-rack gears are used in automobile manufacturing» Spur gear teeth “curved”, teeth are cut at an angle
» Designed to transmit motion & power between either parallel or right angle shafts (90°, non-intersecting), which rotates in the opposite direction
» Durable & ideal for high load applications
» Plastic, brass, steel, & aluminum are the materials generally used for manufacturing
» Automobiles, elevators, conveyors, compressors & blowers are just a few everyday machines where helical gears are used
» Helical gears are also used in machine tools, turbine drives, feed drives, sand mullers, rolling mills & marine applications
Note: in order for helical gears to work together (mesh) they must have the same diametral pitch (pitch), pressure angle (PA) & helix angle
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Rack Gears
Rack Gears Defined: a bar or rectangular gear (flat, no curvature) having straight teeth cut on the face, perpendicular to the axis of motion
» Spur gear “opened” & “laid flat” on bore, teeth are cut on the face
» Designed to translate rotational into linear motion or vice versa
» Durable & ideal for high load applications
» Plastic, brass, steel, & aluminum are the materials generally used for manufacturing
» Automobiles, scales, lift mechanisms, shakers & guide mechanisms are just a few everyday machines where rack gears are used
» Rack gears are also used in construction equipments, X – Y axis tables, machine tools, marine hoists, multi-spindle drives & indexing equipments
Note: in order for rack & pinion gears to work together (mesh) they must have the same diametral pitch (pitch) & pressure angle (PA)
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Bevel & Miter Gears
Bevel & Miter Gears Defined: a gear having teeth cut on the body, perpendicular to the axis of rotation
» Gear teeth are placed conically on the body
» Miter is a special type of bevel gear, whose dimensions are identical to its mating part (equal size gears)
» Designed to transmit motion & power between right angle shafts (90°, intersecting), which rotates in the opposite direction
» Durable & ideal for high load applications
» Plastic, brass, steel, & aluminum are the materials generally used for manufacturing
» Hand drills, printers, automobiles, locomotives, elevators & blowers are just a few everyday machines where bevel gears are used
» Bevel gears are also used in machine tools, material handlers, conveyors, cooling towers, power plants, rotorcrafts & marine applications
Note: in order for bevel gears and miter gears to work together (mesh) they must have the same diametral pitch (pitch), pressure angle (PA) & face width
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Worm Wheel Gears
Worm Wheel Gears Defined: a shaft having helical cuts (threads) on the surface, perpendicular to the axis of rotation
» Similar to spur gear except teeth are “concaved in”
» Designed to transmit motion & power between right angle shafts (90°, non-intersecting), which rotates in the opposite direction
» Worm & worm wheel is the most compact type of gear system
» Smoothest & quietest form of gearing
» Plastic, brass, steel, & aluminum are the materials generally used for manufacturing
» Musical instruments, mechanical gates & conveyors are just a few everyday machines where worm wheels are used
» Worm wheels are also used in machine tools, torsen differentials, indexing equipments, packaging & food processing machinery
Note: in order for wheel & worm gears to work together (mesh) they must have the same thread, diametral pitch (pitch) & pressure angle (PA)
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Worm Gears
Definition: a gear whose teeth are cut at a slant on the rim, parallel to the axis of rotation
» Shaft with screw threads, similar to ordinary screws
» Designed to transmit motion & power between right angle shafts (90°, non-intersecting), which rotates in the opposite direction
» Worm & worm wheel is the most compact type of gear system
» Smoothest & quietest form of gearing
» Plastic, brass, steel, & aluminum are the materials generally used for manufacturing
» Musical instruments, mechanical gates & conveyors are just a few everyday machines where worms are used
» Worms are also used in machine tools, torsen differentials, indexing equipments, packaging & food processing machinery
Note: in order for worm gears to work together (mesh) they must have the same thread, diametral pitch (pitch) & pressure angle (PA)
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Ratchet & Pawl Gears
» Ratchet is a spur gear with slanted teeth; pawl, its counter part, is a claw like structure which locks the ratchet in position
» Cost-effective & durable
» Designed to prevent reverse rotation (single-direction device)
» Durable & ideal for all types of applications
» Plastic, brass, steel, & aluminum are the materials generally used for manufacturing
» Clocks, cable ties, jacks, screwdrivers, wrench & turnstiles are just a few everyday machines where ratchets are used
» Ratchets are also used in hoists, spanners, jacks, capstans & winders
Note: in order for ratchets & pawls to work together (mesh) they must have the same diametral pitch (pitch)
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